Abstract
This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global linear and switching power supply market, projecting significant growth through 2032. It examines the technical distinctions between high-efficiency switched-mode power supplies and low-noise linear solutions, highlighting their respective roles in data centers, industrial automation, and medical electronics. The study evaluates market dynamics driven by electrification and digital infrastructure, offering detailed segmentation by product type, power range, application, and geography to identify emerging opportunities.
Related Questions
US$ 34,239 million in 2025; US$ 51,296 million in 2032
6.2% (2026 to 2032)
Delta Electronics, Inc., MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd., TDK-Lambda Corporation, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Vicor Corporation, XP Power Ltd, COSEL Co., Ltd., PULS GmbH, TRACO Power, Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG, MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd.
Accelerating electrification and digital infrastructure build-out, higher power density in data centers and AI servers, tightening energy-efficiency regulation and market-access requirements
Summary
Market Overview
The global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply market is projected to grow from US$ 34,239 million in 2025 to US$ 51,296 million in 2032, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2026 to 2032.
Product Technology Profiles
Linear Power Supplies
Linear power supplies are a mainstream category of regulated DC power products designed to convert AC mains or DC input into a specified DC output. They maintain regulation under input variation and load transients while meeting strict requirements for accuracy, ripple/noise, protections, and compliance.
- Architecture: Typically comprises a line-frequency transformer, rectification, and filtering, followed by a linear regulator (series-pass regulation) that controls the output by continuously dissipating the input-to-output voltage difference.
- Advantages: Delivers very low noise and ripple with more predictable EMI behavior.
- Preferred Applications: Precision test and measurement, medical electronics, and sensitive analog/RF rails.
- Constraints: Efficiency is fundamentally limited by voltage drop, resulting in higher heat generation and larger size/weight at medium-to-high power levels.
Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Switched-mode power supplies are the other mainstream category of regulated DC power products.
- Architecture: Regulates via high-frequency switching of power devices and energy transfer through inductors/transformers.
- Advantages: Enables higher efficiency, higher power density, and wider input/output ranges.
- Preferred Applications: External adapters, industrial and telecom supplies, server/data-center power, and embedded DC-DC modules.
- Requirements: Requires more robust EMI mitigation, thermal design, safety compliance, and reliability engineering.
Hybrid Architectures
Many systems utilize a combination of SMPS pre-regulation with linear post-regulation or filtering to achieve a balance between high efficiency and ultra-low-noise outputs.
Market Dynamics
Growth Drivers and Trends
- Electrification and Digital Infrastructure: The accelerating build-out of digital infrastructure and electrification makes these supplies fundamental enablers of stable DC power.
- High-Growth Domains: SMPS solutions are dominating sectors such as data centers, communications equipment, industrial automation, and external adapters due to their superior efficiency and power density, which allow for smaller form factors and reduced thermal burdens.
- Niche Relevance: Linear supplies maintain strong engineering relevance in applications prioritizing clean rails and predictable EMI, such as test & measurement and sensitive analog front ends.
- Regulatory Pressures: Tightening energy-efficiency regulations and market-access requirements (particularly for external power supplies) are driving momentum toward high-efficiency SMPS architectures, PFC adoption, and system-level optimization, focusing on active-mode efficiency and no-load consumption.
- Downstream Demand Shifts: Demand is being shaped by the need for higher power density in AI servers and data centers, the broader adoption of 24V/48V distribution in industrial systems, and the requirement for compact, energy-efficient edge adapters.
Market Challenges
- SMPS Complexity: Designers must manage switching noise/EMI, thermal management, device stress, and lifetime degradation, while ensuring safety under abnormal conditions within modern frameworks.
- Linear Supply Limits: Inherent constraints regarding efficiency and power density become more pronounced as power levels rise, leading to increased heat and material constraints.
- Competitive Evolution: Competition is shifting from providing simple power units to offering platform capabilities that are efficient, certifiable, and scalable, driven by advances in power semiconductors, magnetics, and high-reliability passives.
Market Segmentation and Data
Unit Volume and Pricing
- Global Shipments (2025): Combined commercial shipments of linear and switching power supplies are estimated at approximately 1.8 to 3.2 billion units. SMPS accounts for the vast majority of both volume and revenue, while linear supplies are concentrated in low-noise, lower-power niches.
- Unit Pricing (FOB Basis):
- Low-Power: External adapters and general-purpose DC-DC modules typically range from US$1–8 per unit.
- Mid-Power: Industrial and telecom supplies often range from US$10–60 per unit.
- High-Power: Server and industrial chassis supplies more frequently range from US$80–300 per unit, depending on efficiency class, redundancy, and compliance requirements.
Segmentation by Type
- Switched-Mode Power Supply
- Linear Power Supply
Segmentation by Output Power Range
- Low Power
- Medium Power
- High Power
Segmentation by Form Factor
- Enclosed Power Supply
- External Power Adapter
- Open Frame Power Supply
Segmentation by Output Configuration
- Single Output
- Multiple Output
Segmentation by Application
- Industrial and Automation
- Information and Communications Technology
- Consumer Electronics
- Others
Segmentation by Geography
- Americas: United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil
- APAC: China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia
- Europe: Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia
- Middle East & Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, GCC Countries
Competitive Landscape
Key Vendors
- Delta Electronics, Inc.
- MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd.
- TDK-Lambda Corporation
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- Vicor Corporation
- XP Power Ltd
- COSEL Co., Ltd.
- PULS GmbH
- TRACO Power
- Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG
- MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
- Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd.
- Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd
- Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd.
Report Information
About the Research
This report by LP Information, Inc. (LPI), titled "Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Industry Forecast," provides a comprehensive analysis of the global landscape. It reviews total world sales for 2025 and provides projected sales for 2026 through 2032, broken down by region, market sector, and sub-sector in US$ millions.
Scope of Analysis
The report highlights key trends in:
- Product segmentation
- Company formation
- Revenue and market share
- Latest developments and M&A activity
- Leading company strategies (portfolios, capabilities, market entry, and geographic footprints)
Methodology
The study utilizes a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs to provide a nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory of the market.
Key Questions Addressed
- What is the 10-year outlook for the global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply market?
- What factors are driving Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply market growth, globally and by region?
- Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?
- How do Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply market opportunities vary by end market size?
- How does Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply break out by Type and by Application?
Table of Contents
1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Sales 2021-2032
2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply by Geographic Region, 2021, 2025 & 2032
2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply by Country/Region, 2021, 2025 & 2032
2.2 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Segment by Type
2.2.1 Switched-Mode Power Supply
2.2.2 Linear Power Supply
2.2.3 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Type
- 2.2.3.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
- 2.2.3.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue and Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
- 2.2.3.3 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Price by Type (2021-2026)
2.3 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Segment by Output Power Range
2.3.1 Low Power
2.3.2 Medium Power
2.3.3 High Power
2.3.4 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Output Power Range
- 2.3.4.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Market Share by Output Power Range (2021-2026)
- 2.3.4.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue and Market Share by Output Power Range (2021-2026)
- 2.3.4.3 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Price by Output Power Range (2021-2026)
2.4 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Segment by Form Factor
2.4.1 Enclosed Power Supply
2.4.2 External Power Adapter
2.4.3 Open Frame Power Supply
2.4.4 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Form Factor
- 2.4.4.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Market Share by Form Factor (2021-2026)
- 2.4.4.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue and Market Share by Form Factor (2021-2026)
- 2.4.4.3 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Price by Form Factor (2021-2026)
2.5 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Segment by Output Configuration
2.5.1 Single Output
2.5.2 Multiple Output
2.5.3 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Output Configuration
- 2.5.3.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Market Share by Output Configuration (2021-2026)
- 2.5.3.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue and Market Share by Output Configuration (2021-2026)
- 2.5.3.3 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Price by Output Configuration (2021-2026)
2.6 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Segment by Application
2.6.1 Industrial and Automation
2.6.2 Information and Communications Technology
2.6.3 Consumer Electronics
2.6.4 Others
2.6.5 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Application
- 2.6.5.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
- 2.6.5.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue and Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
- 2.6.5.3 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Price by Application (2021-2026)
3 Global by Company
3.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Breakdown Data by Company
3.1.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Sales by Company (2021-2026)
3.1.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Market Share by Company (2021-2026)
3.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Revenue by Company (2021-2026)
3.2.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue by Company (2021-2026)
3.2.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue Market Share by Company (2021-2026)
3.3 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sale Price by Company
3.4 Key Manufacturers Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Market M&A Activity & Strategy
4 World Historic Review for Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply by Geographic Region
4.1 World Historic Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Market Size by Geographic Region (2021-2026)
4.1.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2021-2026)
4.1.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Revenue by Geographic Region (2021-2026)
4.2 World Historic Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Market Size by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.2.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Sales by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.2.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.3 Americas Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Growth
4.4 APAC Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Growth
4.5 Europe Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Growth
4.6 Middle East & Africa Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Country (2021-2026)
5.1.2 Americas Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue by Country (2021-2026)
5.2 Americas Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Type (2021-2026)
5.3 Americas Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Application (2021-2026)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Region (2021-2026)
6.1.2 APAC Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue by Region (2021-2026)
6.2 APAC Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Type (2021-2026)
6.3 APAC Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Application (2021-2026)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
6.10 China Taiwan
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply by Country
7.1.1 Europe Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Country (2021-2026)
7.1.2 Europe Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue by Country (2021-2026)
7.2 Europe Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Type (2021-2026)
7.3 Europe Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Application (2021-2026)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Country (2021-2026)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Revenue by Country (2021-2026)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Type (2021-2026)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales by Application (2021-2026)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends
10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply
10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply
10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply
11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
11.1 Sales Channel
11.1.1 Direct Channels
11.1.2 Indirect Channels
11.2 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Distributors
11.3 Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Customer
12 World Forecast Review for Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply by Geographic Region
12.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Market Size Forecast by Region
12.1.1 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
12.1.2 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
12.2 Americas Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
12.3 APAC Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
12.4 Europe Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
12.6 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
12.7 Global Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
13 Key Players Analysis
13.1 Delta Electronics, Inc.
13.1.1 Delta Electronics, Inc. Company Information
13.1.2 Delta Electronics, Inc. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.1.3 Delta Electronics, Inc. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.1.4 Delta Electronics, Inc. Main Business Overview
13.1.5 Delta Electronics, Inc. Latest Developments
13.2 MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd.
13.2.1 MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd. Company Information
13.2.2 MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.2.3 MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.2.4 MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.2.5 MEAN WELL Enterprises Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.3 TDK-Lambda Corporation
13.3.1 TDK-Lambda Corporation Company Information
13.3.2 TDK-Lambda Corporation Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.3.3 TDK-Lambda Corporation Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.3.4 TDK-Lambda Corporation Main Business Overview
13.3.5 TDK-Lambda Corporation Latest Developments
13.4 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
13.4.1 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Company Information
13.4.2 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.4.3 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.4.4 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.4.5 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.5 Vicor Corporation
13.5.1 Vicor Corporation Company Information
13.5.2 Vicor Corporation Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.5.3 Vicor Corporation Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.5.4 Vicor Corporation Main Business Overview
13.5.5 Vicor Corporation Latest Developments
13.6 XP Power Ltd
13.6.1 XP Power Ltd Company Information
13.6.2 XP Power Ltd Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.6.3 XP Power Ltd Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.6.4 XP Power Ltd Main Business Overview
13.6.5 XP Power Ltd Latest Developments
13.7 COSEL Co., Ltd.
13.7.1 COSEL Co., Ltd. Company Information
13.7.2 COSEL Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.7.3 COSEL Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.7.4 COSEL Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.7.5 COSEL Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.8 PULS GmbH
13.8.1 PULS GmbH Company Information
13.8.2 PULS GmbH Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.8.3 PULS GmbH Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.8.4 PULS GmbH Main Business Overview
13.8.5 PULS GmbH Latest Developments
13.9 TRACO Power
13.9.1 TRACO Power Company Information
13.9.2 TRACO Power Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.9.3 TRACO Power Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.9.4 TRACO Power Main Business Overview
13.9.5 TRACO Power Latest Developments
13.10 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG
13.10.1 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG Company Information
13.10.2 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.10.3 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.10.4 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG Main Business Overview
13.10.5 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG Latest Developments
13.11 MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
13.11.1 MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Company Information
13.11.2 MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.11.3 MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.11.4 MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.11.5 MORNSUN Guangzhou Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.12 Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd.
13.12.1 Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd. Company Information
13.12.2 Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.12.3 Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.12.4 Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.12.5 Shenzhen Megmeet Electrical Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
13.13 Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd
13.13.1 Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd Company Information
13.13.2 Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.13.3 Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.13.4 Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd Main Business Overview
13.13.5 Shenzhen Kstar Science & Technology Co.,Ltd Latest Developments
13.14 Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd.
13.14.1 Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd. Company Information
13.14.2 Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.14.3 Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd. Linear Power Supply and Switching Power Supply Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
13.14.4 Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.14.5 Shenzhen Honor Electronic Co., Ltd. Latest Developments
14 Research Findings and Conclusion