Abstract
Summary
LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the “LED Farming Industry Forecast” looks at past sales and reviews total world LED Farming sales in 2022, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected LED Farming sales for 2023 through 2029. With LED Farming sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world LED Farming industry.
This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global LED Farming landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyzes the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on LED Farming portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms' unique position in an accelerating global LED Farming market.
This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for LED Farming and breaks down the forecast by type, by application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global LED Farming.
The global LED Farming market size is projected to grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million in 2029; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029.
United States market for LED Farming is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % from 2023 through 2029.
China market for LED Farming is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % from 2023 through 2029.
Europe market for LED Farming is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % from 2023 through 2029.
Global key LED Farming players cover Scynce LED, Senmatic AS, Signify, Smart Grow Systems, Inc., California Lightworks, Cidly, Cree, Inc., EconoLux Industries Ltd. and Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd, etc. In terms of revenue, the global two largest companies occupied for a share nearly % in 2022.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of LED Farming market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.
Market Segmentation:
Segmentation by type
by Spectrum
Narrow
Broad
by Wattage
Low Power (<100 W)
Medium Power (100-300 W)
High Power (>300 W)
Segmentation by application
Indoor Farming
Vertical Farming
Commercial Greenhouse
Others
This report also splits the market by region:
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.
Scynce LED
Senmatic AS
Signify
Smart Grow Systems, Inc.
California Lightworks
Cidly
Cree, Inc.
EconoLux Industries Ltd.
Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd
EYE HORTILUX
Gavita International B.V.
GE Lighting
General Electric Company
GlacialLight
Growray
Heliospectra AB
Hortilux Schréder
Hubbell Lighting
Illumitex
ILUMINAR Lighting
LumiGrow
Oreon
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Valoya
VANQ Technology
ViparSpectra
Vipple
Yaham Lighting
Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc.
Bridgelux, Inc
Active Grow
Aerofarms LLC
Agnetix
Agrolux BV
AIS LED Light
Alta LED
Telos Lighting
Thrive Agritech
PARsource
PARUS
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Kroptek
Key Questions Addressed in this Report
What is the 10-year outlook for the global LED Farming market?
What factors are driving LED Farming market growth, globally and by region?
Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?
How do LED Farming market opportunities vary by end market size?
How does LED Farming break out type, application?
What are the influences of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine war?
This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global LED Farming landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyzes the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on LED Farming portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms' unique position in an accelerating global LED Farming market.
This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for LED Farming and breaks down the forecast by type, by application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global LED Farming.
The global LED Farming market size is projected to grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million in 2029; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029.
United States market for LED Farming is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % from 2023 through 2029.
China market for LED Farming is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % from 2023 through 2029.
Europe market for LED Farming is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % from 2023 through 2029.
Global key LED Farming players cover Scynce LED, Senmatic AS, Signify, Smart Grow Systems, Inc., California Lightworks, Cidly, Cree, Inc., EconoLux Industries Ltd. and Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd, etc. In terms of revenue, the global two largest companies occupied for a share nearly % in 2022.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of LED Farming market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.
Market Segmentation:
Segmentation by type
by Spectrum
Narrow
Broad
by Wattage
Low Power (<100 W)
Medium Power (100-300 W)
High Power (>300 W)
Segmentation by application
Indoor Farming
Vertical Farming
Commercial Greenhouse
Others
This report also splits the market by region:
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.
Scynce LED
Senmatic AS
Signify
Smart Grow Systems, Inc.
California Lightworks
Cidly
Cree, Inc.
EconoLux Industries Ltd.
Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd
EYE HORTILUX
Gavita International B.V.
GE Lighting
General Electric Company
GlacialLight
Growray
Heliospectra AB
Hortilux Schréder
Hubbell Lighting
Illumitex
ILUMINAR Lighting
LumiGrow
Oreon
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Valoya
VANQ Technology
ViparSpectra
Vipple
Yaham Lighting
Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc.
Bridgelux, Inc
Active Grow
Aerofarms LLC
Agnetix
Agrolux BV
AIS LED Light
Alta LED
Telos Lighting
Thrive Agritech
PARsource
PARUS
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Kroptek
Key Questions Addressed in this Report
What is the 10-year outlook for the global LED Farming market?
What factors are driving LED Farming market growth, globally and by region?
Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?
How do LED Farming market opportunities vary by end market size?
How does LED Farming break out type, application?
What are the influences of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine war?
Table of Contents
1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global LED Farming Annual Sales 2018-2029
2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for LED Farming by Geographic Region, 2018, 2022 & 2029
2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for LED Farming by Country/Region, 2018, 2022 & 2029
2.2 LED Farming Segment by Type
2.2.1 Narrow
2.2.2 Broad
2.3 LED Farming Sales by Type
2.3.1 Global LED Farming Sales Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
2.3.2 Global LED Farming Revenue and Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
2.3.3 Global LED Farming Sale Price by Type (2018-2023)
2.4 LED Farming Segment by Application
2.4.1 Indoor Farming
2.4.2 Vertical Farming
2.4.3 Commercial Greenhouse
2.4.4 Others
2.5 LED Farming Sales by Application
2.5.1 Global LED Farming Sale Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
2.5.2 Global LED Farming Revenue and Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
2.5.3 Global LED Farming Sale Price by Application (2018-2023)
3 Global LED Farming by Company
3.1 Global LED Farming Breakdown Data by Company
3.1.1 Global LED Farming Annual Sales by Company (2018-2023)
3.1.2 Global LED Farming Sales Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
3.2 Global LED Farming Annual Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
3.2.1 Global LED Farming Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
3.2.2 Global LED Farming Revenue Market Share by Company (2018-2023)
3.3 Global LED Farming Sale Price by Company
3.4 Key Manufacturers LED Farming Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers LED Farming Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players LED Farming Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2018-2023)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 World Historic Review for LED Farming by Geographic Region
4.1 World Historic LED Farming Market Size by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
4.1.1 Global LED Farming Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
4.1.2 Global LED Farming Annual Revenue by Geographic Region (2018-2023)
4.2 World Historic LED Farming Market Size by Country/Region (2018-2023)
4.2.1 Global LED Farming Annual Sales by Country/Region (2018-2023)
4.2.2 Global LED Farming Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2018-2023)
4.3 Americas LED Farming Sales Growth
4.4 APAC LED Farming Sales Growth
4.5 Europe LED Farming Sales Growth
4.6 Middle East & Africa LED Farming Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas LED Farming Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas LED Farming Sales by Country (2018-2023)
5.1.2 Americas LED Farming Revenue by Country (2018-2023)
5.2 Americas LED Farming Sales by Type
5.3 Americas LED Farming Sales by Application
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC LED Farming Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC LED Farming Sales by Region (2018-2023)
6.1.2 APAC LED Farming Revenue by Region (2018-2023)
6.2 APAC LED Farming Sales by Type
6.3 APAC LED Farming Sales by Application
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
6.10 China Taiwan
7 Europe
7.1 Europe LED Farming by Country
7.1.1 Europe LED Farming Sales by Country (2018-2023)
7.1.2 Europe LED Farming Revenue by Country (2018-2023)
7.2 Europe LED Farming Sales by Type
7.3 Europe LED Farming Sales by Application
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa LED Farming by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa LED Farming Sales by Country (2018-2023)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa LED Farming Revenue by Country (2018-2023)
8.2 Middle East & Africa LED Farming Sales by Type
8.3 Middle East & Africa LED Farming Sales by Application
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends
10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of LED Farming
10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of LED Farming
10.4 Industry Chain Structure of LED Farming
11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
11.1 Sales Channel
11.1.1 Direct Channels
11.1.2 Indirect Channels
11.2 LED Farming Distributors
11.3 LED Farming Customer
12 World Forecast Review for LED Farming by Geographic Region
12.1 Global LED Farming Market Size Forecast by Region
12.1.1 Global LED Farming Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
12.1.2 Global LED Farming Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
12.2 Americas Forecast by Country
12.3 APAC Forecast by Region
12.4 Europe Forecast by Country
12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country
12.6 Global LED Farming Forecast by Type
12.7 Global LED Farming Forecast by Application
13 Key Players Analysis
13.1 Scynce LED
13.1.1 Scynce LED Company Information
13.1.2 Scynce LED LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.1.3 Scynce LED LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.1.4 Scynce LED Main Business Overview
13.1.5 Scynce LED Latest Developments
13.2 Senmatic AS
13.2.1 Senmatic AS Company Information
13.2.2 Senmatic AS LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.2.3 Senmatic AS LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.2.4 Senmatic AS Main Business Overview
13.2.5 Senmatic AS Latest Developments
13.3 Signify
13.3.1 Signify Company Information
13.3.2 Signify LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.3.3 Signify LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.3.4 Signify Main Business Overview
13.3.5 Signify Latest Developments
13.4 Smart Grow Systems, Inc.
13.4.1 Smart Grow Systems, Inc. Company Information
13.4.2 Smart Grow Systems, Inc. LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.4.3 Smart Grow Systems, Inc. LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.4.4 Smart Grow Systems, Inc. Main Business Overview
13.4.5 Smart Grow Systems, Inc. Latest Developments
13.5 California Lightworks
13.5.1 California Lightworks Company Information
13.5.2 California Lightworks LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.5.3 California Lightworks LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.5.4 California Lightworks Main Business Overview
13.5.5 California Lightworks Latest Developments
13.6 Cidly
13.6.1 Cidly Company Information
13.6.2 Cidly LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.6.3 Cidly LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.6.4 Cidly Main Business Overview
13.6.5 Cidly Latest Developments
13.7 Cree, Inc.
13.7.1 Cree, Inc. Company Information
13.7.2 Cree, Inc. LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.7.3 Cree, Inc. LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.7.4 Cree, Inc. Main Business Overview
13.7.5 Cree, Inc. Latest Developments
13.8 EconoLux Industries Ltd.
13.8.1 EconoLux Industries Ltd. Company Information
13.8.2 EconoLux Industries Ltd. LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.8.3 EconoLux Industries Ltd. LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.8.4 EconoLux Industries Ltd. Main Business Overview
13.8.5 EconoLux Industries Ltd. Latest Developments
13.9 Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd
13.9.1 Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd Company Information
13.9.2 Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.9.3 Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.9.4 Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd Main Business Overview
13.9.5 Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd Latest Developments
13.10 EYE HORTILUX
13.10.1 EYE HORTILUX Company Information
13.10.2 EYE HORTILUX LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.10.3 EYE HORTILUX LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.10.4 EYE HORTILUX Main Business Overview
13.10.5 EYE HORTILUX Latest Developments
13.11 Gavita International B.V.
13.11.1 Gavita International B.V. Company Information
13.11.2 Gavita International B.V. LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.11.3 Gavita International B.V. LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.11.4 Gavita International B.V. Main Business Overview
13.11.5 Gavita International B.V. Latest Developments
13.12 GE Lighting
13.12.1 GE Lighting Company Information
13.12.2 GE Lighting LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.12.3 GE Lighting LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.12.4 GE Lighting Main Business Overview
13.12.5 GE Lighting Latest Developments
13.13 General Electric Company
13.13.1 General Electric Company Company Information
13.13.2 General Electric Company LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.13.3 General Electric Company LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.13.4 General Electric Company Main Business Overview
13.13.5 General Electric Company Latest Developments
13.14 GlacialLight
13.14.1 GlacialLight Company Information
13.14.2 GlacialLight LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.14.3 GlacialLight LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.14.4 GlacialLight Main Business Overview
13.14.5 GlacialLight Latest Developments
13.15 Growray
13.15.1 Growray Company Information
13.15.2 Growray LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.15.3 Growray LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.15.4 Growray Main Business Overview
13.15.5 Growray Latest Developments
13.16 Heliospectra AB
13.16.1 Heliospectra AB Company Information
13.16.2 Heliospectra AB LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.16.3 Heliospectra AB LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.16.4 Heliospectra AB Main Business Overview
13.16.5 Heliospectra AB Latest Developments
13.17 Hortilux Schréder
13.17.1 Hortilux Schréder Company Information
13.17.2 Hortilux Schréder LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.17.3 Hortilux Schréder LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.17.4 Hortilux Schréder Main Business Overview
13.17.5 Hortilux Schréder Latest Developments
13.18 Hubbell Lighting
13.18.1 Hubbell Lighting Company Information
13.18.2 Hubbell Lighting LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.18.3 Hubbell Lighting LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.18.4 Hubbell Lighting Main Business Overview
13.18.5 Hubbell Lighting Latest Developments
13.19 Illumitex
13.19.1 Illumitex Company Information
13.19.2 Illumitex LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.19.3 Illumitex LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.19.4 Illumitex Main Business Overview
13.19.5 Illumitex Latest Developments
13.20 ILUMINAR Lighting
13.20.1 ILUMINAR Lighting Company Information
13.20.2 ILUMINAR Lighting LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.20.3 ILUMINAR Lighting LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.20.4 ILUMINAR Lighting Main Business Overview
13.20.5 ILUMINAR Lighting Latest Developments
13.21 LumiGrow
13.21.1 LumiGrow Company Information
13.21.2 LumiGrow LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.21.3 LumiGrow LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.21.4 LumiGrow Main Business Overview
13.21.5 LumiGrow Latest Developments
13.22 Oreon
13.22.1 Oreon Company Information
13.22.2 Oreon LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.22.3 Oreon LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.22.4 Oreon Main Business Overview
13.22.5 Oreon Latest Developments
13.23 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
13.23.1 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Company Information
13.23.2 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.23.3 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.23.4 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Main Business Overview
13.23.5 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Latest Developments
13.24 Valoya
13.24.1 Valoya Company Information
13.24.2 Valoya LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.24.3 Valoya LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.24.4 Valoya Main Business Overview
13.24.5 Valoya Latest Developments
13.25 VANQ Technology
13.25.1 VANQ Technology Company Information
13.25.2 VANQ Technology LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.25.3 VANQ Technology LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.25.4 VANQ Technology Main Business Overview
13.25.5 VANQ Technology Latest Developments
13.26 ViparSpectra
13.26.1 ViparSpectra Company Information
13.26.2 ViparSpectra LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.26.3 ViparSpectra LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.26.4 ViparSpectra Main Business Overview
13.26.5 ViparSpectra Latest Developments
13.27 Vipple
13.27.1 Vipple Company Information
13.27.2 Vipple LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.27.3 Vipple LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.27.4 Vipple Main Business Overview
13.27.5 Vipple Latest Developments
13.28 Yaham Lighting
13.28.1 Yaham Lighting Company Information
13.28.2 Yaham Lighting LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.28.3 Yaham Lighting LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.28.4 Yaham Lighting Main Business Overview
13.28.5 Yaham Lighting Latest Developments
13.29 Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc.
13.29.1 Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc. Company Information
13.29.2 Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc. LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.29.3 Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc. LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.29.4 Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc. Main Business Overview
13.29.5 Black Dog Grow Technologies Inc. Latest Developments
13.30 Bridgelux, Inc
13.30.1 Bridgelux, Inc Company Information
13.30.2 Bridgelux, Inc LED Farming Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.30.3 Bridgelux, Inc LED Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
13.30.4 Bridgelux, Inc Main Business Overview
13.30.5 Bridgelux, Inc Latest Developments
13.31 Active Grow
13.32 Aerofarms LLC
13.33 Agnetix
13.34 Agrolux BV
13.35 AIS LED Light
13.36 Alta LED
13.37 Telos Lighting
13.38 Thrive Agritech
13.39 PARsource
13.40 PARUS
13.41 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
13.42 Kroptek
14 Research Findings and Conclusion