Abstract
Summary
The global electric vehicle charging station market size is projected to grow from 2,354 thousand units in 2022 to 14,623 thousand units by 2027, at a CAGR of 44.1%. Factors such as rising sales of EVs around the world, along with the growing demand for zero emission transport will boost the demand for the electric vehicle charging station market. Developments in technologies like portable charging stations, bi-directional charging, smart charging with load management, usage based analytics and automated payment along with development of ultra-fast charging technology will create new opportunities for this market.
“Public Chargers will be the fastest growing market during the forecast period.”
The availability of public EV charging plays an important role to purchase electric vehicles across the globe. Public charging and access to fast charging are viewed as key criteria when buying an electric vehicle. This is anticipated to bolster revenue growth for the public charging segment. The Asia Pacific region continues to install public chargers at a significant rate due to the rising number of EV users, especially in China, India, and South Korea. These countries have implemented policies to increase the usage of EVs by providing subsidies and reduced taxes. They also encourage the growth of EV manufacturers and related industries by providing grants or implementing preferential policies for EV-related companies to enable them to expand faster. A steady surge in economic growth, urbanization, travel demand, etc., coupled with increasing investments toward electric mobility to contribute to energy storage and environmental sustainability is anticipated to bolster the growth of the public charging station segment. The North American public EV charging market has been driven by the US, which witnessed an increasing number of EV users, especially in 13 states, such as California, Maryland, etc., and the trend is expected to extend to other states, leading to the high growth of the public charging segment during the coming years. In the European region, the leading EV users include the UK, the Netherlands, Norway, France, and Germany. Other countries are also expected to increase the use of EVs during the coming years, subsequently leading to the growth of EV infrastructure.
“Asia Pacific is expected to be the largest and fastest-growing market during the forecast period.”
The Asia Pacific region comprises of countries such as China, India, Japan and South Korea. The region is home to some of the fastest-developing economies of the world, such as China and India. The governments of these emerging economies have recognized the growth potential of the global electric vehicle charging station market and, hence, have adopted various initiatives to attract major OEMs for the manufacture of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in domestic markets. For instance, charging network providers for EV charging stations have partnered with various OEMs to sponsor free EV charging to EV drivers. This has led to an increase in electric vehicle production in recent years, which caters to domestic as well as overseas demand. Japan and China export electric vehicles and charging solutions across the globe.
Governments in the Asia Pacific region are also focusing on the introduction of electric commercial vehicles. For instance, in September 2020, the Indian Government announced plans to offer incentives worth USD 4.6 billion to companies establishing advanced battery manufacturing facilities as part of its plans to reduce oil imports while switching to EVs. Similarly, in 2019, China undertook measures such as sales tax exemptions. It also provided preferential financing and traffic management policies for electric vehicles besides optimizing its carbon credit program, which will be reduced appropriately in the coming years. The country currently has around 1.147 million EV charging points. Japan also plans to increase its share of EVs and plug-in hybrids by 20% to 30% by 2030 and has taken measures such as increasing subsidies for EV buyers. The South Korean government has been encouraging the usage of EVs through subsidies and tax rebates with the goal of having 430,000 EVs on the road by the end of 2022 and also invested in a program to invest for the improvement of charging infrastructure in the country. This has led to the high demand for charging infrastructure in the region for EVs.
Governments are also encouraging private players to introduce public charging points by providing subsidized electricity rates. China is investing significantly in the production of electric vehicle charging stations to provide charging solutions for the increasing number of EVs in the country. OEMs such as BYD also plan to establish production plants in other parts of the world for the manufacture of electric buses and electric trucks to meet the regional demand. These factors are expected to drive the market in the Asia Pacific region. Many new startups and existing top domestic companies have established their presence in this regional market. For instance, Star Charge has expanded to become one of China’s top EV charging providers. Similarly, Jio in India plans to work with BP to speed up the development of EV charging in the country.
“Europe to be the second-largest region during the forecast period”
The major EV markets in Europe are Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Italy, and the UK. Europe accounted for 24.78% of the global electric vehicle charging station market in 2021 by volume. Normal chargers have a higher share than fast chargers. The top five countries account for more than 83% of all chargers, and the rest is utilized in the rest of the countries. By August 2020, Europe had implemented stringent emission regulation standards to reduce the rising emission levels. Several countries in the region are promoting electric vehicles through significant incentives. The demand for electric vehicle charging stations has increased significantly due to the focus on zero- or low-emission vehicles in the region. The region is home to electric vehicle charging station providers such as Schneider Electric, ABB, Siemens, Efacec, Engie, and various others. The UK announced plans to phase out petrol/diesel-based vehicles by 2030 and encourage the growth of EVs. Other European countries had implemented plans for the transition to EVs during the past decade.
Due to the rising demand for EVs in Europe, the demand for EV charging stations is also rising. According to a report by the European Environmental Agency in November 2021, in Europe, 11.41% of all new vehicle registrations have been EVs. The number of charging stations has grown by approximately 37% with the Netherlands, Norway, the UK, Germany, and France leading in Europe in terms of the growth of EV charging stations. In 2020, EV registrations increased drastically in top European markets. Norway had 75%, Iceland had 46%, Sweden had 33%, and the Netherlands had 28% of new vehicle registrations as EVs. As of December 2021, the EU has over 5 public fast chargers for every 100 km. Europe has set an ambitious goal of reducing CO2 emissions by 80% by 2030-2050 and has created a roadmap for the same. Governments of various countries in Europe are subsidizing electric infrastructure and the focus is expected to be on electric vehicles in the long run. However, countries in Eastern Europe still lag behind Western European countries such as the UK, Germany, France, and Spain in terms of vehicle norms and technology. Hence, there is a relatively low presence of electric vehicle manufacturers and electric vehicle infrastructure in Eastern Europe. This offers an opportunity for electric vehicle charging station providers as well as battery manufacturers to expand their footprint in Eastern Europe. This expansion is expected to increase the demand for electric vehicle charging stations in Europe.
In-depth interviews were conducted with CEOs, marketing directors, other innovation and technology directors, and executives from various key organizations operating in this market.
• By Company Type: Tier I - 67%, Others - 9%, and OEMs - 24%
• By Designation: C Level Executives - 33%, Directors - 52%, and Others - 15%
• By Region: North America - 43%, Europe - 24%, Asia Pacific - 33%
The electric vehicle charging station market is dominated by major charging providers including ABB (Switzerland), Shell (Netherlands), ChargePoint (US), Tesla (US), and BYD (China). They develop products and provide service offerings for the electric vehicle charging ecosystem. They have initiated partnerships to develop their EV charging technology and provide finished products and charging services to their respective customers for the electric vehicle charging station market.
Research Coverage:
The report covers the electric vehicle charging station market, in terms of Application (Public, Private), Level of Charging, Charging Point Type, Infrastructure, Service Type, Installation, Electric Bus Charging, DC Fast Charging, IOT Connectivity and Region (Asia Pacific, Europe and North America). It covers the competitive landscape and company profiles of the major players in the electric vehicle charging station ecosystem.
The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key players in the market, along with their company profiles, key observations related to product and business offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report:
• The report will help market leaders/new entrants in this market with information on the closest approximations of revenue numbers for the overall electric vehicle charging station market and its subsegments.
• This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies.
• The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 23
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 23
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 24
1.2.1 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS 27
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 28
1.3.1 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 28
1.4 CURRENCY & PRICING 29
1.5 PACKAGE SIZE 29
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 29
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 30
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 31
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 33
- 2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources for electric vehicle charging station market 33
- 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 34
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 35
- 2.1.2.1 List of primary participants 35
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 36
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 37
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 38
2.2.3 TOP-DOWN APPROACH: ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET 38
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 40
2.4 FACTOR ANALYSIS 41
2.4.1 FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR MARKET SIZING: DEMAND AND SUPPLY SIDES 42
2.5 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 43
2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 44
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 45
3.1 COVID-19 IMPACT ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET 50
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 51
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET 51
4.2 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY LEVEL OF CHARGING 51
4.3 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY CHARGING POINT TYPE 52
4.4 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE TYPE 52
4.5 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY APPLICATION 53
4.6 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY DC FAST CHARGING TYPE 53
4.7 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY INSTALLATION TYPE 54
4.8 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY IOT CONNECTIVITY 54
4.9 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY REGION 55
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 56
5.1 INTRODUCTION 56
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 57
5.2.1 DRIVERS 57
- 5.2.1.1 Rising EV sales worldwide will increase demand for EV charging stations 57
- 5.2.1.2 Government policies and subsidies to support faster setup of EV charging stations 58
- 5.2.1.3 Increasing vehicle range per charge will boost EV and EV charging station demand 60
- 5.2.1.4 Reducing price of EVs in global market will boost EV sales and EVCS demand 60
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 61
- 5.2.2.1 Lack of standardization of charging infrastructure 61
- 5.2.2.2 Primitive power grid infrastructure 61
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 62
- 5.2.3.1 Use of V2G EV charging stations for electric vehicles 62
- 5.2.3.2 Use of IoT and smart infrastructure in EV charging stations for load management 63
- 5.2.3.3 Development of EV charging stations using renewable sources 64
- 5.2.3.4 Growing demand for battery swapping EV charging stations 65
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 66
- 5.2.4.1 Higher initial cost of EVs compared to ICE vehicles 66
- 5.2.4.2 Stringent rules for installation of EV charging stations 66
- 5.2.4.3 Significant dependence on fossil fuel electricity generation & limited production in developing countries 66
5.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 69
5.3.1 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 70
5.3.2 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 70
5.3.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 70
5.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 70
5.3.5 RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS 71
5.4 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET ECOSYSTEM 71
5.4.1 EV SUPPLY EQUIPMENT PROVIDERS (CHARGING STATION MANUFACTURERS) 71
5.4.2 EV CHARGING OPERATORS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS 71
5.4.3 OEMS 72
5.4.4 END USERS 72
5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 74
5.6 PRICING ANALYSIS 75
5.7 PATENT ANALYSIS 77
5.8 CASE STUDY 78
5.8.1 INVADE: AN EUROPEAN SMART CHARGING CASE 78
5.8.2 SIZING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS WITH SMART CHARGING CAPABILITIES AND QUALITY OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS 78
5.8.3 CASE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT OF LOAD BALANCING SOLUTION FOR EV CHARGING 78
5.8.4 A CASE STUDY ON EV CHARGING IN INDIA 79
5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 79
5.9.1 TURBO-CHARGING FOR EVS 79
5.9.2 SMART CHARGING SYSTEM 80
5.9.3 WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER 81
5.9.4 BIDIRECTIONAL CHARGERS 82
5.10 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 82
5.10.1 NETHERLANDS 83
5.10.2 GERMANY 84
5.10.3 FRANCE 85
5.10.4 UK 86
5.10.5 CHINA 87
5.10.6 US 87
5.10.7 CANADA 88
5.11 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS 88
5.11.1 THE EVOLUTION OF EV CHARGING BUSINESS 89
5.12 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EV MARKET IN 2021 89
5.13 OPPORTUNITIES IN EV CHARGING 92
5.14 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET: COVID-19 IMPACT 93
5.14.1 IMPACT ON RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY 93
5.14.2 COVID-19 IMPACT ON AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 93
5.14.3 OEM ANNOUNCEMENTS 93
5.14.4 IMPACT ON EV CHARGING STATION PRODUCTION 93
5.15 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET SCENARIOS (2022-2027) 94
5.15.1 MOST LIKELY SCENARIO 94
5.15.2 OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO 95
5.15.3 PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO 95
6 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET
6.1 INTRODUCTION 96
6.2 OFF-BOARD TOP-DOWN PANTOGRAPH 98
6.3 ON-BOARD BOTTOM-UP PANTOGRAPH 99
6.4 CHARGING VIA CONNECTOR 99
7 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY LEVEL OF CHARGING 100
7.1 INTRODUCTION 101
7.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 103
7.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 104
7.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 104
7.4 LEVEL 1 (<3.7 KW) 105
7.4.1 LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION TO BOOST MARKET FOR LEVEL 1 105
7.5 LEVEL 2 (3.7-22 KW) 106
7.5.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR OVERNIGHT CHARGING TO SPEED UP DEMAND FOR LEVEL 2 CHARGING 106
7.6 LEVEL 3 (ABOVE 22 KW) 107
7.6.1 DEMAND FOR CHARGING VEHICLES FASTER WILL LEAD TO SETUP OF LEVEL 3 CHARGING STATIONS 107
7.7 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 108
8 ELECTRIC VEHICLES CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY CHARGING POINT TYPE 109
8.1 INTRODUCTION 110
8.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 112
8.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 112
8.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 113
8.4 AC (NORMAL CHARGING) 113
8.5 DC (SUPER CHARGING) 114
8.6 INDUCTIVE CHARGING 115
8.7 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 116
9 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY APPLICATION 117
9.1 INTRODUCTION 118
9.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 119
9.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 120
9.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 121
9.4 PRIVATE 121
9.4.1 INCORPORATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND LOW COST OF CHARGING TO DRIVE PRIVATE CHARGING MARKET 121
9.5 PUBLIC 122
9.5.1 STRONG GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO INSTALL PUBLIC CHARGING FOR EVS TO DRIVE MARKET 122
9.6 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 124
10 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE TYPE 125
10.1 INTRODUCTION 126
10.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 128
10.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 129
10.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 129
10.4 CCS 130
10.4.1 TESLA ADOPTION OF CCS AND INCREASING PENETRATION OF CCS IN EUROPEAN REGION EXPECTED TO BOOST DEMAND 130
10.5 CHADEMO 131
10.5.1 CHINA AND JAPAN TO ADOPT CHADEMO AT RAPID RATE 131
10.6 NORMAL CHARGER 132
10.6.1 ASIA PACIFIC TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR FOR NORMAL CHARGE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 132
10.7 TESLA SUPER CHARGER 134
10.7.1 ASIA PACIFIC TO BE LARGEST AND FASTEST-GROWING MARKET FOR TESLA SUPER CHARGER 134
10.8 TYPE-2 (LEVEL 2 & GB/T LEVEL 2 CHARGING) 135
10.8.1 ASIA PACIFIC TO DOMINATE TYPE-2 MARKET 135
10.9 GB/T (LEVEL 3) 136
10.10 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 136
11 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET
11.1 INTRODUCTION 137
11.2 EV CHARGING SERVICE 137
11.3 BATTERY SWAPPING SERVICE 138
12 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET
12.1 INTRODUCTION 141
12.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 142
12.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 144
12.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 144
12.4 FAST CHARGING 145
12.5 ULTRA-FAST CHARGING 145
12.6 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 145
13 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY INSTALLATION TYPE 146
13.1 INTRODUCTION 147
13.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 148
13.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 149
13.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 149
13.4 PORTABLE CHARGER 150
13.4.1 DEMAND FOR SMALL AND LIGHT CHARGERS EXPECTED TO BOOST SEGMENT GROWTH 150
13.5 FIXED CHARGER 151
13.5.1 GOVERNMENT COLLABORATION WITH OEMS TO INSTALL FIXED CHARGERS EXPECTED TO BOOST DEMAND 151
13.6 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 152
14 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY IOT CONNECTIVITY 153
14.1 INTRODUCTION 154
14.2 OPERATIONAL DATA 156
14.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 157
14.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 157
14.4 NON-CONNECTED CHARGING STATIONS 158
14.5 SMART CONNECTED CHARGING STATIONS (NETWORKED) 158
14.6 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 158
15 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET, BY REGION 159
15.1 INTRODUCTION 160
15.2 ASIA PACIFIC 163
15.2.1 CHINA 165
- 15.2.1.1 GB/T-fast charging solutions expected to boost demand 165
15.2.2 INDIA 167
- 15.2.2.1 Participation by private and public companies will speed up EV charging station market in India 167
15.2.3 JAPAN 169
- 15.2.3.1 Technological advancements in Japan to lead to growth of super charging segment 169
15.2.4 SOUTH KOREA 170
- 15.2.4.1 OEMs to work with government to build required infrastructure for electric vehicles 170
15.3 EUROPE 171
15.3.1 FRANCE 173
- 15.3.1.1 Electrification of public transport expected to boost demand for
15.3.2 GERMANY 175
- 15.3.2.1 Partnerships between OEMs and charging providers will speed up setup of EV charging stations in Germany 175
15.3.3 NETHERLANDS 177
- 15.3.3.1 High rate of adoption of electric vehicles expected to drive
15.3.4 NORWAY 178
- 15.3.4.1 Government incentives and private corporations to speed up EV charging station deployment 178
15.3.5 SWEDEN 179
- 15.3.5.1 Government investments and support schemes to boost EV charging station market in Sweden 179
15.3.6 UK 181
- 15.3.6.1 New EV infrastructure bill to boost EV charging station market 181
15.3.7 DENMARK 182
- 15.3.7.1 EVBox decision to setup 300,000 charging stations along with government incentives to speed up EV charger setup in Denmark 182
15.3.8 AUSTRIA 184
- 15.3.8.1 Government incentives and charging network providers’ participation in setting up EV infrastructure will speed up deployment of EV chargers in Austria 184
15.3.9 SPAIN 185
- 15.3.9.1 Government incentives to promote EV charging to boost demand for EV charging stations 185
15.3.10 SWITZERLAND 186
- 15.3.10.1 Government and charging startups will set up charging stations across Switzerland 186
15.4 NORTH AMERICA 187
15.4.1 CANADA 189
- 15.4.1.1 Government support for charging infrastructure to boost demand 189
15.4.2 US 190
- 15.4.2.1 New goal for charging stations’ deployment by 2030 and charging network provider support will speed up deployment of EV charging stations 190
16 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 193
16.1 OVERVIEW 193
16.2 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET 193
16.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP LISTED PLAYERS 196
16.4 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 197
16.4.1 DEALS 197
16.4.2 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES 199
16.4.3 OTHERS, 2018-2021 200
16.5 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION MARKET 201
16.5.1 STARS 201
16.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 201
16.5.3 PERVASIVE 201
16.5.4 EMERGING COMPANIES 201
16.6 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION QUADRANT 206
16.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 206
16.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 206
16.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 206
16.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS 206
16.7 RIGHT TO WIN, 2018-2021 208
17 COMPANY PROFILES 209
17.1 KEY PLAYERS 209
17.1.1 ABB 209
17.1.2 CHARGEPOINT 217
17.1.3 BYD 221
17.1.4 TESLA 225
17.1.5 SHELL 230
17.1.6 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC 235
17.1.7 SIEMENS 240
17.1.8 BP 243
17.1.9 WEBASTO 246
17.1.10 ENGIE 248
17.1.11 EATON 251
17.1.12 SEMACONNECT 253
17.2 OTHER PLAYERS 255
17.2.1 EFACEC 255
17.2.2 CLIPPERCREEK 255
17.2.3 OPCONNECT 256
17.2.4 VOLTA 256
17.2.5 EV SAFE CHARGE 256
17.2.6 EV CONNECT 257
17.2.7 FREEWIRE TECHNOLOGIES 257
17.2.8 ALLEGO 257
17.2.9 IONITY 258
17.2.10 WALLBOX 258
17.2.11 HELIOX 258
17.2.12 SPARK HORIZON 259
17.2.13 DBT 259
17.2.14 CHARGE+ 259
17.2.15 DELTA 260
17.2.16 TGOOD 260
18 RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS 261
18.1 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAKE EV CHARGING MORE PRACTICAL 261
18.2 ASIA PACIFIC EXPECTED TO BE KEY FOCUS AREA FOR MANUFACTURERS 261
18.3 DC FAST CHARGING AND ULTRA-FAST CHARGING TO GROW AT RAPID PACE
18.4 CONCLUSION 262
19 APPENDIX 263
19.1 KEY INSIGHTS OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS 263
19.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 263
19.3 KNOWLEDGE STORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 267
19.4 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATIONS 269
19.5 RELATED REPORTS 269
19.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 270